Prison Gangs Essays - Prison Gangs In The United States,

Prison Gangs Prison Gangs The fight for survival within the United State's prison system has created a subculture the breeds racism, hate, and violence. About two and a half years ago, a young man named William King was sentenced to death by lethal injection for his participation in the murder of James Byrd Jr. James, a middle aged black man from Jasper County, Texas, was bound at the ankles and dragged behind a truck for three miles. His body was ripped to shreds as a gruesome display of the effects of prison subculture. What caused William King and his partners Shawn Berry and Lawrence Brewer to commit such a horrific crime? Was their behavior a result of innate nature or was it learned? Many agree that it was the time spent in prison that caused William King to brutally murder James Byrd Jr. Friends and family claim that William was a pleasant and quiet boy before he left for prison to serve a couple years for burglary. When he was released, his personality seemed irrational and violent and he was covered in racist tattoos. Friends say he frequently spoke about white supremacy and was anxious to develop his own splinter white supremacist gang. King's defense attorney explained that it was the high rate of violence in Texas's Beto 1 Unit that caused William to turn toward gang activity as a means of protection and security. Racist attitudes develop from poor treatment from other inmates and a need to strengthen a common bond among gang members. William, the defense attorney argued, was merely a victim of the depleting prison system in this country (). The reality of prison gangs cannot be ignored. Victor Hassine wrote a book entitles Life Without Parole, in which he describes the horrific reality of life behind bars. He writes, Once inside, I was walked through a quantlet of desperate men. Their hot smell in the muggy corridor was as foul as their appearance. None of them seemed to have a full set of front teeth. Many bore prominently displayed tattoos of skulls or demons. One could argue whether it was the look of these men that led them to prison or whether it was the prison that gave them their look. Just looking at them made me fear my life (Hassine, 7). While the actions of William King cannot be excused or rationalized, his story sheds insight on the problems that face our correctional facilities. Prison gangs are everywhere, and effect every inmate. When a new convict is admitted he is viewed as fresh meat among the prison gang members and victimized to no end. Prison gangs are a convicts means of survival in an environment so starved of morals that violence, rap, and murder are just a daily reality. While it is impossible to know the impact of prison gangs on our street, experts dispute over the control and communication between street and prison gangs. Some argue that there is little connection between street and prison gangs and that operations of prison gangs remain behind prison walls. Drug trafficking does exist within prisons; it is usually made possible through inmate's friends and/or girlfriends (Huff 248). Still others feel quite different, and see prison gang control reach far beyond an inmates cell. Some speculate that a large percentage of drug dealing in East Los Angeles is controlled from within prison walls by the Mexican Mafia. Joe ?Pegleg? Morgan was in prison for forty years, beginning with a conviction of murder at the age sixteen. He manage to gain so much power and control of drug trafficking, street crimes, violence and money laundering that he rose to serve as the Mexican Mafia's Godfather in the later half of his life (Barker, 311). Prison gangs tend to display a distinct hierarchical structure. A single inmate who best embodies the gang's value (Territo, 580) assumes the role of the leader. A leader time in control is normally short, partially due to the prison system's ability to relocate inmates. It is usually the strongest remaining gang member that assumes leadership or the gang's elite counsels a decision. A member's degree of influence flows down a criterion of ranks, with the recruits having no say in any

Customer Loyalty in a Business To Business Context Essay Essays

Customer Loyalty in a Business To Business Context Essay Essays Customer Loyalty in a Business To Business Context Essay Essay Customer Loyalty in a Business To Business Context Essay Essay Customer trueness is considered to be a powerful tool for most organisations in guaranting that they gain a competitory advantage in their several industries ( Lam. Shankar. Erramilli. A ; Bvsan. 2004. p. 294 ) . Customer trueness is necessary for guaranting that organisations remain profitable while besides accomplishing growing through making out to new market evidences. The importance of client trueness in the universe of economic science has developed bit by bit as an country of survey particularly concern to concern ( B2B ) environments. This is due to the demand to analyze and place factors that guarantee client trueness is maintained and even increased. harmonizing to Haghkhah et Al. . ( 2013. p. 156 ) . Haghkhah. et Al. . ( 2013. p. 156 ) farther noted that increased competition for clients in the market signifies that concern ought to respond even faster and more specific to the demands and wants of clients in order to win their trueness. For this ground. sellers in most organisations tend to concentrate on client keeping techniques and besides to put an accent on increasing their trueness degrees. In order to accomplish this. B2B has offered huge chances to guarantee that most organisations achieve their aims of client keeping and trueness. Therefore. the latter shows the importance of understanding client keeping and trueness as an of import country of the research survey. Customer trueness is viewed as a behaviour of insistent purchasing and farther developed traveling frontward with factors such as ancestors. effects. and factors. This has led the research worker to derive an involvement in carry oning farther research on client keeping and trueness. hence. this research paper will be on the assorted ways and techniques that organisations can implement in order to increase client trueness in a B2B context Customer trueness Harmonizing to Haghkhah. et Al. . ( 2013. p. 157 ) a high rate of trueness in a B2B environment is a competitory advantage to the marketer due to the client’s willingness to pay a higher monetary value for goods and sensitive since they start going less monetary value medium as a consequence of trust that has been gained. This means that the income generated is likely to increase and stay stable to travel frontward Customer trueness is viewed as a scheme that aims at guaranting clients gain behavior of insistent buying from the same company. Customer trueness in a B2B environment achieves a common wages that benefits both the client and the organisation. It is normally considered as ways of deriving competitory advantage by an organisation over its rivals. Assorted companies have applied the scheme of keeping client trueness since it is considered cheaper in respect seeking to derive new clients in order to increase their gross base. Cater. T A ; Cater. B ( 2010. p. 1322 ) position client trueness based on activities such as contract reclamation. doing recommendations to clients and increasing backing in a concern to concern environments. They further note that these factors will probably act upon the degree of trueness to clients of an organisation. In other research. client trueness in a B2B environment is based on the experiences of the client. the future outlooks that a client may hold about the organisation and the frequence at which a client buys goods and services from the organisation ( haghkhah. Abdul Hamid. Ebrahimpour. Roghanian. A ; Gheysari. 2013. p. 158 ) . Further. ( Cater A ; Cater. 2010 ) notes that in order to act upon the trueness of clients in a B2B context. and so the organisation has to understand the behavior of the client and the attitude of the client. Literature reappraisal 2. 1 Limitations and Gap in Literature The field of client trueness is one that has much information. but really small attending has been given to business-to-business scenarios. Most old research has chiefly focused on the customer’s point of position ( Mascareigne. 2009 ) . This could be because most position client keepings as a behavioural factor. ( Ranaweera A ; Prabhu. 2003 ) In any economic system. concerns have to transact to execute their day-to-day operations. Some concerns. such as audit houses. exist to function other concerns. Extensive research on this country could help other concerns to larn the kineticss of client trueness amongst themselves. A major restriction that was besides experienced in the research was the complete generalisation of the research based on a B2B context. Since different concerns have different operations and schemes. some facets may works for a certain sector that may non needfully work for another. For illustration. constructs that may be used to increase client trueness in the banking sector. may non work in the fabrication sector. Harmonizing to Buttle ( 2008. p. 267 ) committedness is defined as the relationship that exist between the two houses and is likely to be terminated at a sensible hereafter day of the month. In a B2B environment. the committedness shared by the two houses is normally on a common understanding. Doma ( 2013. p. 72 ) notes that committedness between two houses is normally bonded by trust among the two houses. The degree of trust that is normally shared by the two or more houses that conduct concern affects their committedness model. The more a house is committed to another increases the degree of trueness shared by the two houses. Moorman A ; Rust ( 1999. p. 183 ) in their research notes that committedness is normally the degree of attempt that is put by houses in guaranting a valuable relationship enjoyed by the two houses is maintained in the long term. The relationship normally has economic benefits for the two houses in their command to guarantee they remain profitable in their operations. For this ground. there exists a belief among organisations that the relationship has economic benefits ; therefore attempts are put in keeping it. However. harmonizing to Hennig-Thurau ( 2004. p. 463 ) provinces that many bookmans tend to reason that there is no major difference between trueness and committedness. That school of idea has been dismissed by Morgan A ; Hunt ( 1999. p. 24 ) who argued there is a difference between trueness and committedness. They. nevertheless. noted that the two are related. with a committedness being an ancestor of trueness. This means that committedness is a factor in B2B environment th at will increase the degree of trueness. This besides meant that the being of committedness had a strong positive impact on the degree of committedness. Shabbir et Al. ( 2007. p. 280 ) in their research demonstrated that committedness is an ancestor of trueness. They argued that committedness in the B2B environment. it played a cardinal function in guaranting that trueness is ever maintained and even increased to higher degrees. Sharma. et Al. ( 2006. p. 77 ) in their survey note that committedness is the state of affairs whereby there is a desire to do a relationship stronger with another individual or even group due to acquaintance or even friendly relationship has that has been developed over clip due to the personal interaction that has occurred between the two over a period of clip ( Eakuru A ; Mat. 2008. p. 125 ) . Therefore. committedness should be as a consequence of placing the values that are shared normally between two organisations. It is important to observe that the client will retain a relationship with another party due to the positive consequence they have with the provider. At times. a client may be forced to go on remaining in a relationship with another party due to miss of valuable options that may be available to them ( Fullerton. 2005. p. 1388 ) . However. most relationships are maintained with a committedness as a consequence of the benefits that both parties will profit from ( Brandi. 2001. p. 67 ) . When committedness is the steering rule of B2B environment. and one organisation performs ill in comparing to the incumbent organisation. so due to the degree of committedness shared the spouses are improbable to exchange to other options ( Stephan. 2002. p. 20 ) . This makes a committedness an implicit in factor that will assist in act uponing the degree of trueness in a B2B environment ( Stephan. 2002. p. 33 ) . Akin ( 2012 ) gives an illustration. in comparing the loyal between clients with low trueness and clients with high trueness and explains that clients with high trueness will be non be swayed by discounted monetary values from other providers. Therfore. the higher the degree of committedness that will be shared between organisations an addition in trueness degrees between the organisations will be experienced. If the degree of committedness is increased through activities such as contract reclamation and devising of recommendations to the other organisation. it will in bend addition the degree of trueness enjoyed by the two houses. Therefore. if organisations want to increase the rate of issue by their clients. so they have to construct a relationship that will be founded on a committedness. Commitment will in bend addition the degree of trueness in a B2B environment. This will guarantee that the hereafter of the organisation is maintained as it will go on doing net income. In a survey conducted by CITATION Gus05 cubic decimeter 1033 ( Gustavsson A ; Lundgren. 2005 ) they give an illustration whereby air hose companies use their frequent circular plans as a agency to heighten perennial purchase through proviso of economic inducements to guarantee that they increase and besides maintain loyal among their clients. 2. 2 Theories and Methodologies A common rule that has emerged from the entire quality direction ( TQM ) motion is that the decisive way. to retaining clients. is to fulfill their demands ( Colby. 2013 ) . The theory holds that if by placing what clients expect and by run intoing these demands and outlooks. these clients are less likely to choose for the services given by a rival. Past research conducted by Colby ( 2013 ) has shown a positive relationship between satisfaction and trueness. In other words. if a client is satisfied with the services offered by a concern. the client is bound to be loyal to the concern. Other surveies have besides identified a positive relationship between service quality and client trueness ( Van Es. 2012 ) . However. a certain degree of satisfaction does non ever vouch the coveted trueness. In a certain study. Colby suggested four indexs of client trueness and this include ; demographics. past behaviour. perceptual experience of addition or loss of exchanging to a different trade name and attitudes towards openness to new trade names. Analyzing these four indexs can give a better apprehension of client trueness. For case. if a concern expects to salvage on costs by transacting with another concern. so they are most likely to be loyal to that peculiar partnership. The attitudinal attack takes a position of purchase behaviour and tends to explicate in footings of values. beliefs and attitudes. Deterministic theory entails the logical relationship between variables and research workers in this field are responsible for placing which variables affect client trueness. It appears to be acceptable to most cognitive research workers that attitude comes earlier behavior in a scenario that involves buy backing a merchandise and is really of import because attitude comes before a pick. The behavioural attack holds that internal procedures can non be measured and. hence. have no topographic point in research ( Bennet A ; Bove. 2002 ) . Understanding client trueness in a B2B scenario is a long term relationship regardless of the importance of the minutess. Both methods may differ in positions but can be both used to understand the construct. Although client trueness research has evolved over the old ages. most of this research uses a logical empiricist paradigm ( Paavola. 2006 ) . Information about client trueness has been derived chiefly from cognitive psychological science. with theories about attitude organizing most of the work. Current theoretical model could. hence. convey a new position into the trueness research. Paavola ( 2006 ) uses the societal constructionism paradigm to analyze the impression of client trueness critically. The survey gives a elaborate description of client trueness that is based on the societal world of clients. The consequences imply that different types of trueness should be taken into considerations when doing managerial executions. Classification can besides be really good when it comes to future trueness research. Most theories. which are associated with trueness surveies. trade with issues such as trueness plans. client satisfaction. client value. service quality and societal bonds ( Jacobsen. Olsson. A ; Sjovall. 2004 ) . A theoretical account constructed by Jacobsen. Olsson and Sjovall ( 2004 ) shows that societal bonds have the most important consequence on client trueness with companies in the banking sector. The survey shows that the most of import factors. in keeping client trueness in the banking sector. were societal bonds and forces. This is because. banking services are really similar and to last in such as market. strong competitory forces are required to do the right connexions. The same survey revealed that pecuniary benefits are non a important factor in that country of concern. Harmonizing to Kuusik ( 2007 ) . the factors. trustiness. satisfaction. importance of relationship and image are of import factors that play a function in the different degrees of client trueness. Traditionally. most research has focussed on either the influence of single factors on trueness or the nature of different degrees of trueness. It is of import to non merely position trueness through behavioral standards. but besides attitudinal standards every bit good. Behavioral clients could be divided into ; forced to be loyal. functionally loyal and loyal due to inertia ( Kuusik. 2007 ) . For case. in a B2B context. when a certain company is a monopoly. acquiring supplies from them is the lone logical reply. and this forces a company to be loyal by force. Businesss can be loyal by inactiveness due to the importance of a certain procedure. If the procedure is of low importance. so there is practically no demand to acquire another spouse. This can go on in state of affairss where the dealing is everyday such as trash- pickup. Functionality trueness is gained from when organisations have to spouse with other organisations because they have an nonsubjective ground to be. Research has shown that inactiveness is a state of affairs antonym to loyalty CITATION Aki12 cubic decimeter 4105 ( Akin. 2012 ) . For illustration. a concern may choose another concern since they require minimum attempt to make them. Dahlgren ( 2005 ) used multivariate informations analysis techniques to construct a nexus between dimensions of trade name trueness and to capture the different degrees of client trueness. The consequence showed several differences in the trueness dimensions. In a similar survey. Kuusik ( 2007 ) uses a LOGIT arrested development theoretical account to find the important factors that affect client trueness. The theoretical account comprises of assorted factors that affect client trueness. The survey reveals that image. satisfaction. importance of relationship and trustiness are the most important factors in trueness research. Harmonizing to East et Al. ( 2005 ) the definition of trueness is utile if they can be used to foretell phenomena such as hunt. keeping. and recommendation. The writers set up that combination steps of client trueness frequently act as hapless indexs of consumer trueness as compared to other remarkable indexs such as recommendations. Apart from sing these combinations to be of limited value. the research besides establishes that there is no signifier of trueness that ever predicts different trueness results and a general construct of trueness should be abandoned ( East. Gendall. Hammond. A ; Lomax. 2005 ) . For case. alternatively of utilizing indexs such as trueness plans and money wagess. research workers should either expression for keeping of clients and any recommendation given by them. 2. 3 Identifying relationships between thoughts and pattern to increase trueness in a B2B context Assorted thoughts have been drafted in order to increase client trueness in a B2B context. For illustration. from the above reappraisal. it is noted that designation of the company’s chances and moving on them will assist in increasing the trueness. However a company can present on all the demands of their clients. but the bringing of their services will act upon the degree of trueness traveling frontward. If when presenting all the demands of their client. and they produce a hapless bringing service. so this will probably take to a lessening in trueness degree. For illustration harmonizing to Akin ( 2012 ) factors that aid increasing the trueness of clients is high-ranking service quality delivered by houses that will take to a high degree of client satisfaction. In another scenario. companies tend to seek and happen ways in which they can act upon the frequence at which their clients entree their web sites for information. However. research indicates that half of the clients get information from their web site. The deficiency of companies to put and supply web sites that are easy to entree and supply the necessary information to their clients will take to a diminution in the degree of trueness. For this ground. there is a clear differentiation between the thoughts developed to increase trueness and the patterns a company will follow. Decision From this literature reappraisal. it can be shown that assorted researches have tried to set up the being of a positive relationship between trueness and facets such as service quality and client satisfaction. Some surveies have employed the usage of correlativity analysis to look into this relationship. Correlation research allows a research worker to find whether a relationship between variables exists. it allows one to specify the extent of the relationship between the variables ( Gall. Gall. A ; Bord. 2005 ) . Qualitative and quantitative research methods both have their benefits and drawbacks. For case. when the correlativity between two variables has been established. it still does non state the research worker what should be done. but instead what can be done. Qualitative methods. as used by Paavola ( 2006 ) . can besides convey out cognition that is non familiar with other research workers. The consequences can besides be influenced by the researcher’s personal prejud ices. However. some of these surveies tend to cover broad countries that may take long periods of research. The benefits of client keeping have been recognized by many research workers ( Feihua. 2011 ) . In the concern to concern scenario. certain facets of retaining a client bring out themselves than carry oning concern with the ordinary clients. For case. paying attending to the ordinary. like go toing meetings on clip is non a necessary. but a important wont to see. In a B2B relationship. the parties are more defined. and this is based on the premise that both parties are seeking common benefits in the relationship ( Oy. 2010 ) . In a normal concern to client relationship. the disintegration of the relationship ends up in the consumer go forthing the services of the supplier. In the B2B apparatus. the terminal of the relationship is thought in footings of a procedure while in exchanging is thought every bit merely as a alteration in the relationship. In client trueness research. possibly it would be of critical importance to see the industry in which the research is being conducted on. In industries where the concerns provide similar services. societal bonds could be the prevailing factor that promotes consumer trueness between concerns. In other industries. where the services offered are different. likely trueness plans and pecuniary wagess could be the manner to win client trueness. Mentions Akin. E. ( 2012 ) . Literature Review and Discussion on Customer Loyalty and Consciousness. European Journal of Economics. Finance and Administrative Sciences. 158-170. Brandi. J. ( 2001 ) . Constructing Customer Loyalty: The 21 Essential Elementss †¦ in Action. Texas: The Walk The Talk Company. Buttle. F. ( 2008 ) . Customer Relationship Management ( 2nd ed. ) . New York: Routledge. Doma. S. A. ( 2013 ) . Relationship Quality as Predictor of B2B Customer Loyalty. SYSTEMICS. CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS. 111 ( 1 ) . 72-78. Gustavsson. S. . A ; Lundgren. E. ( 2005 ) . Customer Loyalty. Lulea University of Technology. Haghkhah. A. . Abdul Hamid. A. B. . Ebrahimpour. A. . Roghanian. P. . A ; Gheysari. H. ( 2013 ) . Committedness and Customer Loyalty in Business-To-Business Context. European Journal of Business and Management. 15 ( 19 ) . 156-164. Lam. S. Y. . Shankar. V. . Erramilli. M. K. . A ; B. M. ( 2004 ) . Customer Value. Satisfaction. Loyalty. and Switch overing Costss: An Illustration From a Business-to-Business Service Context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 32 ( 293 ) . 294-311. Bennet. R. . A ; Bove. L. ( 2002 ) . Identifying the Key Issues for Measuring Loyalty. QUT Digital Repository. 1-29. Cater. T. . A ; Cater. B. ( 2010 ) . Merchandise and relationship quality influence on client committedness and trueness in B2B fabrication relationships. Industrial selling direction. 39 ( 8 ) . 1321-1333. Colby. C. ( 2013. December 9 ) . A New Paradigm for Understanding Customer Retention. Retrieved from Rockbridge: hypertext transfer protocol: //rockresearch. com/a-new-paradigm-for-understanding-customer-retention/ Eakuru. N. . A ; Mat. N. ( 2008 ) . The application of structural equation mold ( SEM ) in finding the ancestors of client trueness in Bankss in South Thailand. The Business Review. Cambridge. 10 ( 2 ) . 129-139. East. R. . Gendall. P. . Hammond. K. . A ; Lomax. W. ( 2005 ) . Consumer Loyalty: Remarkable. Linear or Synergistic? Australian arketing Joural. 10-17. Feihua. Q. ( 2011 ) . Customer Retention in E-commerce concern. Haaha-Helia University imperativeness. 1-56. Fullerton. G. ( 2005 ) . How commitment both enables and undermines marketing relationships. European Journal of selling. 39 ( 11 ) . 1372-1388. Gall. J. . Gall. M. . A ; Bord. W. ( 2005 ) . Using educational research: A practical usher ( 1st ed. ) . Boston: Pearzon. Hennig-Thurau. T. ( 2004 ) . Customer orientation of service employees: Its impact on client satisfaction. committedness. and keeping. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 15 ( 5 ) . 460-478. Jacobsen. D. . Olsson. M. . A ; Sjovall. A. ( 2004 ) . The Creation of Customer Loyalty. Kristianstad University. 1-71. Kuusik. A. ( 2007 ) . AFFECTING CUSTOMER LOYALTY: DO DIFFERENT FACTORS HAVE VARIOUS INFLUENCES IN DIFFERENT LOYALTY LEVELS? Tartu University Press. 1-29. Mascareigne. J. ( 2009 ) . Customer Retention. Lulea University Press. 1-88. Moorman. C. . A ; Rust. R. T. ( 1999 ) . The function of selling. The Journal of Marketing. 180-197. 63. Morgan. R. M. . A ; Hunt. S. D. ( 1999 ) . The commitment-trust theory of relationship selling. The Journal of selling. 20-38. Oy. O. ( 2010 ) . IMPROVING CUSTOMER LOYALTY THROUGH A REGULAR CUSTOMER PROGRAM. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU University Publications. 1-45. Paalova. H. ( 2006 ) . Classs of Loyalty. Toward Meaning-based Theory of Customer Loyalty. European Advances in Consumer Research. 420-428. Ranaweera. C. . A ; Prabhu. J. ( 2003 ) . The influence of satisfaction. trust and exchanging barriers on client keeping in a uninterrupted buying scene. international diary of service industry direction. 374-395. Shabbir. H. . Palihawadana. D. . A ; Thwaites. D. ( 2007 ) . Determining the ancestors and effects of giver ?perceived relationship quality- A dimensional qualitative research attack. Psychology A ; Marketing. 24 ( 3 ) . 271-293. Sharma. N. . Young. L. . A ; Wilkinson. I. ( 2006 ) . The commitment mix: Dimensions of committedness in international trading relationships in India. Journal of International Marketing. 64-91. Stephan. B. ( 2002 ) . Customer Loyalty Programs and Clubs ( 2nd ed. ) . London: Gower Publishing. 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Sustainable relationship Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Sustainable relationship Marketing - Assignment Example It transcends the boundaries between specialist functions and disciplines.† Gummesson (1999:73). Relationship marketing is closely intersected with sustainability – â€Å"a form of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Benn & Martin, 2014:742). Nowadays, the role of RM is recognized by many different organisations, operating in various industries. Increasing number of organisations strive to focus on customer retention, to emphasize customer service, to maintain high contact with customers, and to pursue long-term relationships (Christopher, Payne, and Ballantyne, 1991). Relationship marketing is viewed as a multidimensional discipline, which has many different models applicable to various situations. Five major models discussed in this report are: (1) Relationship Marketing’s Six-Markets Model; (2) Sustainable Marketing Model; (3) Ethical Relationship Marketing Model ; (4) The Morgan-Hunt Model of Relationship Marketing; and (5) Return on Relationship Model. Combined use of these five models enables to understand various aspects of relationship marketing, interrelationship and connection of different elements. A company implementing RM strategy gains increased opportunities for retaining existing customers and build profitable long-term and sustainable relationship. In order to test this hypothesis, there was chosen McDonalds Corporation for further analysis. The research shows that initially McDonalds has made a focus on customer-centric approach early before the concept of relationship marketing has gained wider popularity. However, by 1990s the company has failed to ensure excellent customer service and value-added approach because of quick geographical expansion of its restaurants. However, soon the company has recovered its position on the market by developing comprehensive relationship marketing strategy, focusing on three major markets: customers,